Sound _ Characteristics of Sound

Three Elements of Sound

• Pitch : the frequency of the sound as perceived by human ear 

    - the frequency of the fundamental
• Loudness: the intensity of the sound as perceived by human ear 

    - the frequency of the fundamental
•Timbre :  the color of the sound (violin, guitar, bright, dark,….)

    - Harmonics decide the timber.  

Refraction of Sound Wave : Bending of a sound wave when it passes 

through media of different densities 

Diffraction of Sound Wave : The bending of waves around small obstacles and 

the spreading out of waves beyond small openings. 

Directivity of Sound Source : Changing the sound pressure level 
according to the direction